Youths who received Cuyahoga County Juvenile Court probation supervision and secure custody placement were more at risk than their general population peers. However, the extent of these at-risk differences across many demographics and characteristics is surprising and requires policymakers’ immediate attention. Juvenile justice system probation departments need to complete full socio-historical, psychological, and psychiatric assessments for each youth at time of intake. There must also be a proactive focus on youths at risk of secure-custody placement. Coordinated efforts should also include all other youths and family support systems. Lastly, continued early identification and assessment in each juvenile justice jurisdiction of at-risk youths and families is necessary to determine additional legal, social, probation, and prevention interventions. The probation-supervised youths were disproportionately male, Black, and almost one-half were under probation supervision for at least the second time. Youth in the probation-supervised population who experienced a secure facility placement were even more at risk for physical abuse, lower family incomes, academic failure, adoption, substance abuse, increased number of court offenses, and earlier juvenile justice involvement. Using a simple random sample of youth who received probation supervision from the Cuyahoga County Juvenile Court Probation Supervision Department in 2003 (n=3,880), this study was conducted to determine how at risk the youths within the Juvenile Court Probation Supervision Department were when compared with their general population peers. Tables