The Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) program is a quarterly collection of information from police detainees in seven sites across Australia. It provides an evidence base for policymaking in the area of drugs and crime. A summary of findings from the 2005 DUMA program include: (1) during 2005, 3,786 detainees were interviewed in the 7 sites, in which 81 percent provided a urine sample; (2) 84 percent of the detainees were males; (3) 42 percent of all detainees reported that they had used drugs prior to their arrest; (4) based on urinalysis results, cannabis continued to be the most commonly detected drug with few detainees testing positive to MDMA (2.5 percent); (5) in the past 12 months, injecting drug use was more common among heroin and methylamphetamine users; (6) in the past 30 days, 67 percent of all detainees reported obtaining illicit drugs; (7) of detainees reporting heavy drinking in the past 30 days and in the past 48 hours, 70 percent tested positive to at least one other drug; (8) of those detainees who self-reported using an illicit drug in the past 12 months, 12 percent were currently in treatment and 10 percent said they had been turned away from treatment; (9) detainees charged with a property offense were most likely to test positive to any drug at 58 percent; and (10)over 57 percent of all detainees had a prior arrest in the past year and 15 percent of all detainees had been in prison in the past year. DUMA significantly adds to the evidence base by providing a reasonable and independent indicator of drug-related crime. It allows for the identification of changes in drug use, as well as monitoring trends over a period of time. Tables, figures