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Understanding Traumatic Stress in Children

NCJ Number
215914
Author(s)
Ellen L. Bassuk M.D.; Kristina Konnath LICSW; Katherine T. Volk M.A.
Date Published
2006
Length
28 pages
Annotation
This booklet provides guidance for caregivers in their work with children who have experienced traumatic stress.
Abstract
"Trauma" is first defined as an event that is "sudden and unexpected, and perceived as dangerous." The key components of traumatic experiences are intense feelings of helplessness, terror, and lack of control, a threat to one's physical or mental well-being through violence or the threat of violence, and catastrophic responses. "Acute" traumatic stress typically involves a one-time experience, and "complex" trauma involves prolonged or multiple traumatic events that typically occur within a caregiving relationship (e.g., neglect, and physical or sexual abuse). Separate sections of this booklet address each of these types of trauma. Issues discussed are the body's response to the type of stress, children's developmental issues linked to the features of the trauma, and tips for caregivers. The discussion of complex trauma also includes consideration of attachment issues. Tips for caregivers in relation to acute traumatic stress pertain to providing children with a sense of safety; stabilizing their lives with a sense of predictability and consistency, and the provision of ongoing support after the traumatic event. For complex trauma, caregiver tips are divided into short-term strategies and long-term strategies. The short-term strategies are similar to those used with acute traumatic stress. Long-term strategies involve referral to appropriate community agencies, the use of a team approach, and maintenance of a connection with the child's support network. A mindset of patience and awareness of the persistence of behavioral and emotional difficulties over time is required. The concluding section of the booklet focuses on self-care for the caregiver in the course of helping children who have experienced trauma. References, and resources