The total ion chromatograms (TIC) of 68 soaps were sufficiently different to distinguish the specimens from one another. Sampling soaps directly from the bar produced the greatest number of diagnostic peaks. In cases where the soap samples had been previously cut into pieces and subsequently exposed to an open environment, the resulting chromatographic profiles of the volatile organic compounds (VOC) were significantly diminished, i.e., smaller peak areas. Crushing the soap pieces and placing them into sealed vials yielded increased peak intensities. When comparing the chromatographic profiles of questioned and known soaps, it was found to be more important to rely on qualitative similarities and differences rather than relative peak heights, especially if the questioned soap had been exposed to an open environment. SEM/EDXA (scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray) proved to be a useful method for categorizing soaps into three broad groups. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy differentiated some brands of commercial bar soaps, and it assisted in distinguishing these soaps from typical laundry detergents. The materials and methods used in the two studies are described in detail. 2 tables, 8 figures, and 17 references