Several recommendations are presented for immediate implementation: civic action training for Turkish military and security personnel; open-ended conversations between moderate Turks and Kurds to define areas of accommodation; preemptive targeting of the PKK’s military leadership; a commitment of resources to Turkey’s economically deprived southeast, as well as American assistance against the PKK and targeted European Union economic assistance. Many factors are inhibiting a democratic solution of Turkey’s Kurdish problem, such as deep Kurdish and Turkish mistrust for each other, the Kurdish terrorist organization PKK (Kurdish Workers Party), the inadequacy of the government’s reform reassures, and the leadership of the Kurdish community. Before all else, the wounds of the past must be bound up, and the removal of economic anxieties could make a remarkable contribution in the process. Notes