By using structural modeling, the results showed that family cohesion and sense of school belongings were the core predictors of self-esteem and depression, and that depression was a strong mediator of suicidal ideation. In predicting suicidal ideation, peer support was significant among girls and younger adolescents, whereas peer conflict was significant among older adolescents. Family conflict, teacher support and academic pressure did not show any significant contribution in the prediction. Adolescent suicide has increasingly drawn the attention of researchers seeking to examine the underlying phenomena. This study investigated the family, school, peer and psychological factors that contribute to adolescent suicidal ideation. The study consisted of 1,358 Chinese male and female adolescents. The results of this study fill research gaps, provided implications for future research and positive youth development programs, and highlighted the age and gender issues in adolescents’ social and psychological development. Tables, figures, appendix, and references