It is generally accepted that individuals in prison have a right to a standard of health care that is equivalent to that provided people outside prison. Given the extreme health problems evident among prisoners worldwide, however, along with the threat they pose to public health in general, inmates should receive a higher level of care in order to achieve the same health outcome as the average person outside prison. As one example, within prisons, the risk of the spread of tuberculosis (TB) is heightened by infectious and overcrowded prison conditions. Inadequate medical infrastructure or inconsistent access to medications heightens the risk of developing multidrug resistant strains of TB within prison populations. TB is only one example of health problems that are magnified within the prison environment. According to the World Health Organization, prisons are places where "two of the greatest public health problems facing all societies overlap: the epidemic of HIV/AIDS and the pandemic harmful use of psychotropic substances such as alcohol and illegal drugs." Changing the measure of inmate health care from equivalent standards of health care to standards that achieve equivalent objectives requires that health care rise to the level of addressing prison conditions that promote disease and inhibit the provision of effective treatment of the serious diseases prevalent in prisons. 49 references and appended legislation recommended for Ireland that will preserve the health of prisoners in "gaol" (jail or prison) and prevent "gaol distemper"