The findings indicate no support for the position that husbands engage in more marital violence than wives because they are more controlling. Gender differences in control behavior varied for different behaviors that reflected gender roles and stereotypical concerns of husbands and wives. In current marriages, wives were more controlling and jealous than husbands, while in former marriages husbands were more controlling, but there was a significant difference in jealousy. In the former marriages, control behavior and jealousy were more strongly related to aggression and violence for men than for women. The National Violence Against Women Survey is based on data collected in 1994-1996 from a nationally representative sample of 8,000 women and 8,000 men, age 18 and over. Respondents were married (n=10,259) or previously married (n=5,016). Separate analyses of current and former marriages were done because of the differences in the measure of violence in the survey. Tables, figures, notes and references