The study found that low self-control by itself predicted various forms of delinquent behaviors for Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Self-control's links with the social conditions defined under the theories of social bonds, differential association, strain, and labeling were in accordance with the expected directions. Adolescents who lacked self-control were more likely to have weak social bonds, delinquent friends, definitions favorable to deviance, and to experience strain. The latter was related to educational underachievment, coercive parenting, negative school experiences, adverse relations with peers, and stressful life events. Adolescents with low self-control were also more likely to be labeled negatively by parents and teachers. Contrary to self-control theory and many previous studies based on Western samples of youth, however, self-control failed to predict delinquency when social variables were controlled for among this sample of Chinese adolescents. This suggests that it is the combination of self-control and social factors in the prediction of delinquency that might vary across cultures. Thus, the findings only partially support the culture-free thesis of self-control theory. The study also found that influence of Chinese cultural factors on self-control among youth merit closer attention. Data collection was conducted from May to June 2002. Self-report questionnaires administered to students in their classrooms measured five sets of independent variables (self-control, social bonds, differential association, strain, and labeling). Delinquency, the dependent variable, was measured by self-reports on the commission of 11 delinquent acts during the previous 12 months. 7 tables and 61 references