Taken together, the findings across all interrupted time-series analyses provide convincing evidence of significant increases in Philadelphia's fugitive caseload associated with the Operation Sunrise intervention. Not only was Operation Sunrise associated with increases in the number of fugitive defendants in cases from the targeted areas, but also with significant increases in fugitive defendants in cases that originated in nontargeted areas. The rationale for intensive targeted police enforcement strategies pertains to deterrence under the threat of being arrested and punished or incapacitation (removing offenders from the streets). The generation of a growing caseload of fugitive defendants seems to undermine both aims. As arrested defendants are given pretrial release and returned to the community with no intention of showing up for subsequent case processing, they become visible examples of the justice system's apparent impotence. The certainty and swiftness of punishment, which is an essential element of deterrence, is undermined by a large number of fugitives free to move about the community to commit additional crimes. These findings suggest that policymakers must examine all potential side effects of intensified and place-targeted law enforcement efforts on other components of the criminal justice system and whether potentially adverse side effects can be controlled. The study used a multiple interrupted time-series design in order to test proposed hypotheses with a series of weekly number of bench warrants issued for missing defendants in Philadelphia courts as the dependent measure and Operation Sunrise as the intervention. 3 tables, 4 figures, and 67 references