Findings suggest that in 2008, there are a number of challenges both old and new facing Department of Community Services (DoCS), some of which are unique to it, but many of which are experienced by most child protection systems within Australia. The child protection system in New South Wales consists of much more than the DoCS; NSW Health through its Area Health Services and The Children’s Hospital at Westmead fund and deliver many services for children, young people and their families, including prenatal care, home visiting and counseling, with the aim of preventing or diminishing harm. Similarly, the Department of Education and training, Juvenile Justice and Ageing, Disability and Home Care, Housing NSW and the NSW Police Force offer programs, funding and services, ranging from breakfast programs, diversionary sentencing options for young people, respite for parents of children with disabilities, and housing and youth support activities. The key principles which underpin the inquiry’s reforms are discussed and recommendations are provided.