People with mental illness are frequently caught up in the criminal justice system because of the way their illnesses manifest when untreated. While even the best response and intervention by police cannot cure this population, police agencies are making progress interacting with them and their families. Positive change is occurring nationwide as more police and mental health agencies recognize the inadequacy of traditional approaches to responding to people with mental illness. While the number of agencies creating alternatives remains relatively small, their programs are being duplicated with increased frequency. There are some core principles for improving care for people with mental illness who have come into contact with the criminal justice system, particularly the police. A professor from Eastern Kentucky University suggests that police should take a community policing approach to people with mental illness. This approach goes beyond simply changing policy, meeting with mental health providers or expanding instruction to a recruit or in-service class. It involves changing the culture of policing to recognize and accept people with mental illness as a population in need of service. This chapter explores the nature of the problem and details methods of addressing the problem, including improved police responses, protocols, and education. References