Results provide clear empirical evidence that both the rehabilitative and managerial-surveillant discourses are utilized by practitioners in their understanding of GPS-EM operations. Thus, GPS-EM program operations included a combination of ideals including: rehabilitation, reduced recidivism, reintegration, managerialism, actuarialism, cost-effective incapacitation, and targeting specific populations. This study supports criticisms that contemporary penality represents a break from modern penality. As suggested, it is more likely that contemporary penality is represented on a continuum from the past, wherein certain aspects found within modern penality have been intensified. Research found that as the modern ideal of rehabilitation increased in perceived importance, so too did the ability to manage offenders. Practitioners acknowledge the importance of rehabilitation and management-surveillance in the operation of GPS-EM and suggest that each has an intricate relationship with the other. Tables, notes, and references