The main conclusion of the literature review is that the studies discussed support the argument that neurobiological factors deserve a structural place in research into the causes, prevention, and reduction of antisocial behavior. Neurobiological research is examined for its relevance to the following criminological domains: child abuse and neglect; problem children, dangerous adolescents, and violent adults; sex offenders; judicial intervention and the reduction of recidivism; and neuroscience and social cohesion and conflict. The review draws a number of general conclusions about how neurobiological research can have relevance for criminology. First, it provides a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and driving forces of antisocial behavior. Second, it keeps existing behavioral interventions up to date. Third, it provides input for the evolving development of diagnostic tools and risk-management tools. Fourth, it provides guidance for selecting the most suitable interventions. Fifth, it provides pathways for new interventions for offenders who do not respond to traditional interventions. Sixth, it provides expanding insight into the underlying mechanisms of the development, maintenance, and cessation of antisocial behavior. One of the recommendations is that biological parameters be just as involved in research, diagnosis, and treatment as psychological and social parameters. Another recommendation is that interdisciplinary research should be conducted with scientists from different disciplines in a broad focus on social, psychological, and biological factors involved in human behavior. Approximately 336 references