Religious elites are critical for introducing and sustaining the religious dynamics underlying many violent conflicts rooted in religious ideology and values. Abstract religious myths, writings, and contents can only be applied to changing historical events if religious leaders accepted as authoritative interpreters of the religious traditions continue to persuade and motivate followers to perceive targeted groups and ideologies as threats to their “true” religion. So-called religious conflicts are not the natural result of religious differences or religious intolerance. In many cases the conflict results from the cooperation of political and religious elites in using religion as a means of unifying and motivating supporters for the achievement of power, i.e., the ability to mold events and societal/political norms according to defined beliefs and interests. This entanglement of religion and politics underlies many violent conflicts with strong religious dimensions. Political elites plan and coordinate combat operations; and religious leaders persuade believers that the violent struggle is a religious necessity. The enhancement of the freedom of religion and the separation of church and state are critical in the prevention of political-religious cooperation in the pursuit of what is ultimately the power to dictate political structures, events, beliefs, and societal norms. 72 notes