Highlights of the study findings include: (1) the hypothesized five-factor model of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) fit the 24-item Dutch version of the CTQ-SF well; (2) the Dutch CTQ-SF effectively differentiated between patients receiving mental health treatment and non-clinical controls; and (3) the five scales of the Dutch CTQ-SF demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability that was similar to previous studies of the English version of the CTQ-SF. The finding, provided initial evidence for the validity and reliability of the 24-item Dutch CTQ-SF, but showed that 1 translated item, I believe I was molested, was not a valid indicator of childhood sexual abuse in the Dutch version and should not be used. The CTQ-SF is a 28-item retrospective self-report questionnaire designed to assess 5 dimensions of childhood maltreatment: physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. The Dutch CTQ-SF has been found to have good internal consistency in small samples of patients. In addition, scores on the five CTQ-SF scales among Dutch respondents showed good convergent validity with responses from a semi-structured interview for childhood trauma. However, no studies have tested the structural validity of the translated Dutch CTQ-SF. The purpose of this study was to test the factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and known-groups validity of a Dutch translation of the CTQ-SFG in a large sample of clinical and non-clinical respondents. Tables and references