Article 32 of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime established an open-ended working group to advise and assist the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime in the implementation of its mandate with regard to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. This report presents the recommendations of the Working Group adopted at its various meetings. The recommendations from the first meeting deal with: universal adherence; adequate national legislation; definition of concepts; prevention and awareness-raising; training; trafficking in labor exploitation; non-punishment and non-prosecution of trafficked persons; victim protection and assistance; compensation for victims of trafficking; protection of victims as witnesses; coordination of efforts at the national level; data collection, research, and analysis; provision of technical assistance to implement the Trafficking in Persons Protocol; the role of the Conference of the Parties in coordinating international action against trafficking in persons; regional approaches to combating trafficking in persons; and international cooperation at the operational level. Recommendations from the second meeting of the Working Group deal with: implementation of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol, including national and regional efforts; analysis of key concepts of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol; good practices and tools in reducing the demand for exploitative services; non-punishment and non-prosecution of victims of trafficking in persons: administrative and judicial approaches to offenses committed in the process of such trafficking; and good practices and tools for use in case management, including front-line law enforcement authorities responding to trafficking in persons.