Highlights from the survey include the following: (1) combined 2004 to 2007 data indicate that 9.7 percent of adults aged 18 or older needed treatment for a substance use problem in the past year, and 10.5 percent of those needing substance use treatment received it in the past year in a specialty facility; (2) approximately 1 in 12 adults (7.5 percent) had a major depressive episode (MDE) in the past year, and 66.1 percent of them received treatment for depression in the past year; (3) among those in need of substance use treatment, African-American had higher rates of receipt of treatment in a specialty facility than persons of two or more races, Hispanics, Whites, and Asians (17.8 versus 11.9, 11.3, 9.2, and 5.5 percent respectively); and (4) among adults with past year MDE, Whites were more likely to have received treatment than African-Americans, Hispanics, and Asians (69.6 versus 57.4, 53.4, and 48.0 percent respectively), and persons of two or more races were more likely to have received treatment than Hispanics and Asians (65.2 versus 53.4 and 48.0 respectively). The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) collects information that can be used to assess the need for and receipt of treatment for substance use and mental health problems. The findings highlight the need for continuing efforts to improve access to treatment. 4 figures