This research investigated the role of general and specific self-efficacy factors in positive family relationships and perceived social support within an U.S. incarcerated adolescent population. One hundred African-American and Hispanic male adolescent participants, randomly selected from a southern California Probation Department, were included in the archival dataset used in this study. Self-efficacy beliefs were found to be significantly and positively correlated with family supportiveness and social support from peers. The results have implications for preventative treatment and policy approaches for youth and families at risk for incarceration and confirm self-efficacy models with a multicultural adolescent population. (Published Abstract)