This paper is intended for use by policymakers and government officials, as well as by members of the general public. The goal of the paper is to examine what is currently known about what works and what does not work in drug treatment in order to enable informed decisions to be made about funding and administration of drug reduction efforts. The paper first examines the problem of drug addiction and what needs to be done to get addicts into treatment. Next, different types of drug treatment are discussed that include detoxification, therapeutic communities and residential treatment, the 12-step Minnesota Model approach and inpatient hospital programs, methadone maintenance, and non-methadone outpatient treatment. The final section of the paper explores the areas of drug treatment that are known to work and those areas that do not. Figures