The guide first notes issues in determining the prevalence of rape in prisons, given the lack of relevant research. Although prison rape is a significant threat to the welfare and safety of prisoners, it has not been sufficiently addressed by social service programs; correctional institutions; and, until recently, legislators. In 2003, the U.S. Congress passed the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA), which specifically addresses the under-reporting and lack of appropriate responses to prison rape victims. After reviewing PREA provisions, this guide addresses how victim advocates and counselors can develop collaborations with prison administrators and their staffs in providing services and assistance to victims of prison rape. The guide first discusses ethical dilemmas in working with a victim who is also an offender. Advocates are also schooled in adjusting to working with rape victims within prison walls and regimens. Guidance on victims advocates' and counselors' development of cooperative relationships with prison staff is also discussed, followed by a review of the role of inmate support groups for victims of prison rape. It is important for prison staff to protect group members' safety and privacy. Other issues that must be addressed in the development of such a group are also addressed. Next, the guide provides information on Pennsylvania's State-level responses to prison rape. Since January 2005, the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape (PCAR) has been working with the State Department of Corrections, the State Office of the Victim Advocate, and law enforcement officers in developing prison rape prevention curricula for inmates and corrections staff. 4 references