THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINALISTICS DEALS WITH CRIME IN THE PHASE OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MANIFESTING ITSELF UNDER SOCIALIST CIRCUMSTANCES. POTENTIALITIES ARE EXPLORED WHICH, WITHIN THE SCOPE DETERMINED BY THESE CIRCUMSTANCES, COULD HELP REDUCE AND PREVENT CRIME. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT AT THE INSTITUTE DURING 14 YEARS AFTER ITS FOUNDATION IN 1960 ARE SUMMARIZED. IN THE AREA OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY, RESEARCH HAS FOCUSED ON THE CLOSE INTERRELATION AND INTERACTION BETWEEN THE WIDER OR NARROWER SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS (FAMILY, DOMICILE, SCHOOL, FRIENDS, ETC.) AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERSONALITY OF THE JUVENILE AND THE FORMATION OF HIS CONSCIOUSNESS. GROUP DELINQUENCY HAS ALSO BEEN A TOPIC OF RESEARCH. INVESTIGATONS HAVE HELPED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW METHODS FOR THE RECOGNITION OF THE CAUSES OF DELINQUENCY AND FOR ITS PREVENTION. IN THE AREA OF RECIDIVISM, RESEARCH FINDINGS INDICATE THAT THE DELINQUENCY OF JUVENILES OR OF YOUNG ADULTS WAS OF CONSIDERABLE IMPORTANCE, AS THE LARGER NUMBER OF HABITUAL OFFENDERS COMMITTED THE FIRST OFFENSE AS JUVENILES OR AS YOUNG ADULTS. STUDIES CONDUCTED HAVE DEALT WITH THE INTENSITY OF RECIDIVISM AND THE INFLUENCING FACTORS IN MACRO- AND MICROSURROUNDINGS, WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO SOCIAL REQUIREMENTS TOWARD THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE TREATMENT MEASURES APPLIED, AS WELL AS THE EFFECT OF PUNISHMENT ON THE PERSONALITY. RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF OFFENSES AGAINST SOCIAL PROPERTY HAS FOCUSED ON EMBEZZLEMENT, DECEIT, AND FRAUDULENT MISUSE OF FUNDS. COMPLEX CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY ANALYZING THE MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS, STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS AND CAUSAL FACTORS AND PREVENTIONS OF THE CRIMES AND OFFENSES COMMITTED IN THE FIELD OF INDUSTRY. THE MANY-SIDED RESEARCH ON OFFENSES COMMITTED AGAINST SOCIAL PROPERTY OUTLINES THE POLICY WHICH CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH HAS TO FOLLOW. THIS POLICY IMPLIES A CLOSE COOPERATION WITH PRACTICE AND THE INVITATION OF FIELD WORKERS TO PARTICIPATE IN RESEARCH IN ORDER TO DEVISE PRACTICAL MEASURES POSSIBLE FOR THE PREVENTION DELINQUENCY AND SO THAT THE EXPERIENCES GAINED BY THIS RESEARCH MIGHT BE USED TO PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES, INSTITUTIONS, ETC. IN THE AREA OF OFFENSES INVOLVING BODILY HARM, RESEARCH HAS CONCENTRATED ON A NUMBER OF MEASURES FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF THE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS AND CAUSES AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF INFANTICIDES, AGGRAVATED ASSAULT, AND MURDER. TRAFFIC OFFENSE RESEARCH HAS INCLUDED PERSONALITY TESTING AND EXPLORATIONS. OTHER CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH TOPICS MENTIONED ARE SEXUAL OFFENSES, FEMALE CRIMINALITY, AND GENETICS AND CRIMINOLOGY. -- IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN.