THE HISTORY AND PRACTICE OF DIVERSION ARE EXAMINED, AND MAJOR PHILOSOPHICAL AND OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH DIVERSION ARE DISCUSSED. THE TREND TOWARD COMMUNITY TREATMENT IS ANALYZED. VARIOUS TYPES OF COMMUNITY TREATMENT PROGRAMS -- HALFWAY HOUSES, WORK OR STUDY RELEASE, FURLOUGHS, PROBATION HOSTELS -- ARE DISCUSSED. THE ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF PROBATION SERVICES ARE TRACED. PROBLEMS OF SUPERVISION, THE PRESENTENCE REPORT, COUNSELING, AND PROBATION REVOCATION ARE CONSIDERED. THE HISTORY OF PAROLE IS REVIEWED, AND METHODS OF PAROLE SUPERVISION, PROCEDURES, AND THE USE OF PAROLE IN ASSOCIATION WITH OTHER COMMUNITY PROGRAMS ARE DISCUSSED. ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST ABOLISHING PAROLE ARE CONSIDERED. THIS SECOND EDITION CONTAINS 28 PAPERS IN 3 SECTIONS -- PROGRAMMING ALTERNATIVES TO INCARCERATION, PROBATION AS COMMUNITY-BASED CORRECTIONS, AND PAROLE AS COMMUNITY-BASED CORRECTIONS. EACH SECTION INCLUDES AN INTRODUCTORY COMMENT AND A DISCUSSION GUIDE. FOR SELECTED PAPERS, SEE NCJ 02246, 26404, 32326, 32385-34886, 34888, 37433-37434, 38873, 39372, AND 45911-45917. (LKM)