IN THE UNITED STATES YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS ARE USUALLY RELEASED AT SOME PRETRIAL STATE, PLACED ON SUPERVISED PROBATION, OR SENT TO REFORM SCHOOL, TRIED IN JUVENILE COURT, OR FOR SERIOUS CRIMES, TRIED IN ADULT COURT. A LIST OF TERMINOLOGY APPLIED TO JUVENILE COURT TREATMENT (E.G., ADJUDICATION, AFTER-CARE, SHELTER) WITH THE EQUIVALENTS FOR ADULT OFFENDERS HIGHLIGHTS THE ATTEMPT TO DIFFERENTIATE JUVENILE TREATMENT FROM THAT FOR ADULTS. WHETHER SCHOOLS OR FACTORS OUTSIDE SCHOOLS ARE TO BE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR DELINQUENCY IS CONTESTED, BUT A NUMBER OF STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN INITIATED IN SCHOOLS TO CURB DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR; I.E., APPOINTMENT OF A TRUANT OFFICER, PROVISION OF COUNSELING SERVICES, CURRICULUM CHANGES TO INTERESTED STUDENTS, INTRODUCTION OF VOCATIONAL INSTRUCTION AND WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS, AND MEASURES TO OVERCOME CULTURAL DEPRIVATION. PROBATION HAS BEEN IN USE SINCE THE 19TH CENTURY TO REHABILITATE CHILDREN, TO PROTECT THEM FROM BAD INFLUENCES IN THE COMMUNITY, AND TO REDUCE JUVENILE CRIME IN THE COMMUNITY. SPECIAL COURTS FOR CRIME PREVENTION INCLUDE JUVENILE COURTS, YOUTH COURTS FOR 16- TO 20-YEAR OLDS, FAMILY COURTS FOR CHILDREN WHOSE DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR RESULTS FROM BROKEN FAMILIES, AND VOLUNTEER COURTS TO PROVIDE CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION AND SUPERVISION. YOUTH SERVICE BUREAUS FOR COUNSELING AND CRISIS INTERVENTION; POLICE MEASURES SUCH AS SURVEILLANCE, LECTURES TO GROUPS, COOPERATION WITH PUBLIC AGENCIES, AND SPECIAL VACATION PROGRAMS; AND COMMUNITY PROGRAMS ARE ALSO EFFECTIVE IN CONTROLLING JUVENILE CRIME INVOLVEMENT. A W. GERMAN PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON LAW ENFORCEMENT IS RECOMMENDED THAT WOULD SUPPORT ADEQUATE LEISURE ACTIVITIES, STRENGTHENED FAMILY LIFE, INTEGRATED SCHOOLS WITH ADEQUATE PROGRAMS AND WELL-TRAINED PERSONNEL, PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED EDUCATION, SPECIAL POLICE TRAINING, DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES TO COURT PROCEEDINGS, AND REVISION OF CERTAIN COURT PROCEDURES. --IN GERMAN. (KMD)