THE CHICAGO JUVENILE COURT, WHICH WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1899, SPARKED SUCH INTEREST IN EUROPE THAT MANY COUNTRIES DECIDED TO PASS SIMILAR JUVENILE LEGISLATION. ENGLAND ESTABLISHED ITS FIRST JUVENILE COURT IN 1905. HUNGARY PASSED A SPECIAL JUVENILE CODE IN 1908, AND CANADA IN THE SAME YEAR, JOINED THE MOVEMENT WITH SIMILAR LEGISLATION. PREREVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA ESTABLISHED A JUVENILE COURT IN 1910, AND ITALY, ALSO IN 1910, PASSED A JUVENILE JUSTICE BILL. BY 1911, GERMANY HAD 200 JUVENILE COURTS AND THE MOVEMENT WAS SPREADING TO AUSTRIA AND SWITZERLAND. BELGIUM AND FRANCE ADOPTED JUVENILE LEGISLATION IN 1912. TWO MAJOR INFLUENCES ON THE EVOLUTION OF JUVENILE COURTS IN THESE EARLY YEARS WERE THE 1910 PENITENTIARY CONFERENCE OF WASHINGTON AND THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JUVENILE COURTS, HELD IN PARIS IN 1911. THE RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY BOTH OF THESE CONFERENCES ARE REPRINTED, AND THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE PARIS CONFERENCE ARE LISTED. THE MOVEMENT WAS SLOWED BY WORLD WAR I, BUT IN 1928 A FEW JUVENILE COURT JUDGES MET IN PARIS AND LAID THE GROUNDWORK FOR THE FORMATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF YOUTH MAGISTRATES. THE ASSOCIATION HAS SPONSORED EIGHT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES BETWEEN 1935 AND 1974; THEY ARE BRIEFLY SUMMARIZED AND A LIST OF ASSOCIATION PRESIDENTS IS GIVEN. THE HISTORY CONCLUDES WITH A BRIEF SUMMARY OF AN AGENDA FOR A 1978 CONFERENCE IN MONTREAL. (GLR)