NCJ Number
60431
Date Published
1978
Length
116 pages
Annotation
BLOOD GROUP FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION DATA WERE COLLECTED TO EVALUATE FORENSIC IMPLICATIONS OF VARIATIONS AMONG RACIAL GROUPS AND GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS IN THE UNITED STATES BETWEEN CAUCASIONS IN THE U.S. AND ENGLAND.
Abstract
THE SIGNIFICANCE AND USEFULNESS OF GENETIC MARKERS IN TYPING BLOOD WERE ASSESSED FROM A SAMPLE OF 2,871 INDIVIDUALS, INCLUDING ORIENTALS, CAUCASIANS, BLACKS, AND HISPANICS, SO THAT STATISTICALLY VALID PHENOTYPIC FREQUENCIES AS A FUNCTION OF ETHNIC GROUPS COULD BE DERIVED. DURING THE COURSE OF COLLECTING BLOOD PHENOTYPE FREQUENCIES FROM ANALYZED BLOOD SAMPLES, AN EFFORT WAS MADE TO CHECK AND CONTROL SOURCES OF ERROR. THE FIRST STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WAS CARRIED OUT OF DETERMINE THE HOMOGENEITY OF PHENOTYPIC FREQUENCY OVER ETHNICITY WHILE MAINTAINING GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND SEX CONSTANT. AS EXPECTED, PHENOTYPIC FREQUENCIES WERE NOT HOMOGENEOUS BUT VARIED SIGNIFICANTLY ACROSS ETHNIC GROUPS. THE SECOND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED TO TEST WHETHER FACTORS OF SEX, GENETIC MARKER, AND GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION WERE INDEPENDENT, WHILE MAINTAINING ETHNICITY CONSTANT. FOR MOST GENETIC MARKERS AMONG CAUCASIANS AND BLACKS, THESE FACTORS WERE NOT INDEPENDENT. THE THIRD STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED TO EVALUATE WHAT INTERACTIONS WERE SIGNIFICANT BETWEEN SEX AND GENETIC MARKER, SEX AND GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, GENETIC MARKER AND GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, AND OTHER INTERACTIONS. NO INTERACTION WAS FOUND BETWEEN SEX AND GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OR BETWEEN SEX AND GENETIC MARKER, EXCEPT FOR ONE GENETIC MARKER ALREADY KNOWN TO CORRELATE WITH SEX. WITH FEW EXCEPTIONS, SOME INTERACTION OCCURRED BETWEEN GENETIC MARKER AND GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, IMPLYING THAT PHENOTYPIC FREQUENCIES ARE AFFECTED BY GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND SIGNIFYING THE INAPPROPRIATENESS OF TAKING PHENOTYPIC FREQUENCIES FOR A GIVEN AREA AND APPLYING THEM TO A DIFFERENT AREA. OVERALL, VARIATIONS IN PHENOTYPIC FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF BLOOD GROUPS DO EXIST AMONG RACIAL POPULATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, AMONG DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, AND BETWEEN U.S. AND BRITISH CAUCASIANS. SUPPORTING DATA AND ILLUSTRATIONS ARE INCLUDED, AND REFERENCES ARE CITED. APPENDIXES CONTAIN EXAMPLES OF ELECTROPHORETIC RESULTS, A BLOOD ANALYSIS DATA FORM, AND COMMENTS ON LABORATORY PROCEDURES. (DEP)