THE MAJORITY OF THE 502 CRIMINOLOGISTS RECEIVING DEGREES AT THE SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY IN MONTREAL BETWEEN 1963 AND 1976 ARE SPECIALISTS IN CLINICAL WORK. CLINICAL CRIMINOLOGISTS FROM THIS SYSTEM ARE CLASSIFIED AS (1) CLIENT-CENTERED PSYCHIATRISTS OR PSYCHOLOGISTS CONCENTRATING ON INDIVIDUAL THERAPY, (2) GROUP-CENTERED PSYCHIATRISTS OR PSYCHOLOGISTS PRACTICING GROUP THERAPY, OR (3) ADMINISTRATORS WITH AN ASSISTANCE RELATIONSHIP TO CLIENTS, SUCH AS PROBATION OFFICERS AND CLASSIFICATION OFFICERS IN CLOSED INSTITUTIONS. INCREASED TRAINING REQUIREMENTS ARE NEEDED FOR THE THIRD GROUP IF THEY ARE NOT TO BE REPLACED BY THE SPECIALISTS FROM THE HELPING PROFESSIONS IN THE FIRST TWO GROUPS. MAJOR TYPES OF CRIMINOLOGY ARE CLASSICAL CLINICAL CRIMINOLOGY SPECIALIZING IN INDIVIDUAL THERAPY; SOCIALIST CRIMINOLOGY, STRESSING CRITICAL FUNCTIONS OF SOCIETY AS A WHOLE; CRIMINOLOGY OF THE CORRECTIONS SYSTEM; MARXIST CRIMINOLOGY, CRITICIZING THE PENAL SYSTEM IN NONSOCIALIST STATES; AND RADICAL CRIMINOLOGY, TAKING ISSUE WITH SYSTEMS OF JUSTICE. CLINICAL CRIMINOLOGISTS FACE A BASIC CONFLICT BETWEEN THE CLASSICAL MEDICAL AND JUDICIAL MODELS AS TO WHETHER THEY WILL DEVOTE THEIR ENERGIES TO TREATING OFFENDERS OR TO NEUTRALIZING THE CRIMINAL IN AN EFFORT TO PROTECT SOCIETY. TO RESOLVE THIS CONFLICT, THE CLINICAL CRIMINOLOGIST MUST SERVE AS A MEDIATOR FACILITATING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE OFFENDER AND SOCIETY WHILE LESSENING THE EFFECTS OF CERTAIN CRIMES, DEVELOPING AN ECONOMICAL WORKING MODEL, AND HELPING OFFENDERS OVERCOME PROBLEMS WHICH LIMIT THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHERS. CLINICAL CRIMINOLOGISTS HAVE SHOWN THEIR CAPACITY TO QUESTION FUNDAMENTAL CRIMINOLOGICAL TRADITIONS IN THE FACE OF SOCIAL REALITY AND TO DEVELOP A CRITICAL SENSE WITH RESPECT TO EXTREME IDEOLOGIES. A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS SUPPLIED. --IN FRENCH (KMD)