A review of the literature on rape points to fear as being a primary reaction of victims. The study proposed a tripartate interpretation of fear with autonomic, self-report, and avoidance behavior components. In addition, negative changes in self-concept and feelings of powerlessness resulting from the rape experience were examined. Due to difficulties in obtaining victim participation, the study was conducted in two phases. During the first phase, psychophysiological, psychometric, and interview data were obtained from 8 adult female rape victims and 12 women selected (for age and racial determinants) as a comparison group. Both groups were given the Fear Survey Schedule which included 42 rape-related items; a questionnaire; and the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. Electrodermal responses were also monitored, and a structured interview examined behavioral avoidance, social phobias, and life changes. During the second phase, an additional 12 rape victims completed all assessment measures except the psychophysiological portion. Research findings supported a fear response of rape victims in the area of self-report and behavioral avoidance. Items which were endorsed by victims as very disturbing, and differed the most from the comparison subjects, were guns, knives, weapons, feelings of disapproval, walking on a dimly lit street, and testifying in court. Behavioral avoidance following rape was reflected in diminished social contacts and fewer outings. Victims also reported they changed residence due to fear. On the questionnaire, 22 of 50 items were rated by victims as significantly changed from prerape to postrape, suggesting that rape victims were prone to anxiety and clinical depression after rape, were increasingly suspicious and wary of members of the other sex, felt less attractive, confident and secure; and were withdrawn, confused, and nervous. Tables and approximately 40 references are included; appendixes contain test samples and data. (Author abstract modified)