Both the courts of appeals and the status of judgeship positions are examined. First, under the topic of district courts, civil cases, criminal cases and petit and grand jury utilization are presented. Tabular data are provided for both civil and criminal cases filed, terminated, and pending. Both business and nonbusiness bankruptcy filings are given for the years 1948 to 1980, and bankruptcies filed under Bankruptcy Act chapters and the Bankruptcy Code are presented. Other judicial business involves matters disposed of by the U.S. Magistrates and the U.S. Magistrate positions authorized by the Judicial Conference. Tabular data on the probation system presents both the history and the workload of Federal Probation officers. Topics covered under judicial administration include the Statistical Analysis and Reports division, clerks of court, bankruptcy administration, the Criminal Justice Act, and the Division of Management Review. Judicial appropriations and expenditures are also outlined. An analysis of the Federal courts workload outlines the workloads of, among others, the Courts of Appeals (cases submitted in these courts and other Federal courts) and U.S. District courts. Median time intervals and the impact of State prisoner petitions are presented. Civil cases include prisoner petitions, antitrust and land condemnation cases, and class action litigation. Additional information on cases, juror utilization, and the Federal probation system workload includes the Weighted Caseload Studies of 1946-1974. Tabular data are appended.