A review of the existing literature on the criminogenic effects of mental retardation reveals that a low intelligence quotient is not a direct correlate of antisocial and criminal behavior. Crime statistics show that the percentage of mentally retarded individuals is only slightly higher among criminals than among law-abiding citizens. However, mental retardation is not simply a negative state, the immutable consequence of brain damage or organic anomalies (true retardation), or of functional disorders (pseudo-retardation). Retardation also causes a dysfunction of the faculties of cognition, volition, communication, and assimilation of experience data in its subjects. A correlation between mental retardation and psychosis cannot be denied. Criminal behavior can result from a failure on the mentally retarded assimilate intuitive and experimental data using the inductive methods of children under 7 years of age. Like infants they are totally self-centered and subjective, and lack inhibition mechanisms. Easily suggestible, they can commit crimes at the instigation of intelligent criminals. The mentally retarded are more frequently born among the lower socioeconomical strata of the population into families where alcoholism, venereal disease, mental disorders, and deviant behavior patterns are prevalent. In addition, they feel the same need for love, group acceptance, and peer appreciation as normal individuals. Baffled, frustrated, and rejected from early childhood, they may be driven to commit criminal acts if this behavior brings them the rewards of acceptance in the deviant subculture of the socially handicapped. Sixty-seven references are appended.