Although case citations have been omitted in the interest of conciseness and readability, the statements and rules presented are derived from the most recent U.S. Suspreme Court decisions wherever possible. Thus, they represent what the Constitution Permits, requires, or forbids. The statements and rules presented, however, do not necessarily represent the only course of action permissible and therefore may differ in detail from practices used by local law enforcement officials. The manual has a situational format and is intended to be used at the operational level; it is tabbed to provide ready access to the needed material. The material covers the following subjects; confrontation of suspect, stop and frisk, in-field or on-the-scene identifications, arrest, search incident to arrest, interogation, search and seizure, police surveillance, and entrapment.