The overriding principle of Indonesia's correctional effort is that it is not to be a system of harsh punishments in the name of deterrence but rather a guarantor of uniform treatment for all offenders, who are to be rescued and educated for their successful reintegration into the community. Designed to benefit both offenders and the community, this idea of rehabilitative corrections emerged with Indonesian independence and in contrast to the old colonial penal system. The system as it exists today was formally established in April 1964. It is based on 10 officially formulated objectives, including the preparation of prisoners for proper and useful roles in the community, the prevention of their further social deterioration through guidance and isolation from more serious criminals, and the provision of continued contact with the community through liberal visitation arrangements and other opportunities that retain the rhythms of society. A new penal code is being drafted so that the law will express fully the goals of this treatment philosophy. The organizational structures which implement the philosophy are both institutional and noninstitutional. There are houses of correction, including special institutions for female offenders and for male and female juvenile delinquents. Currently, 35,000 inmates live in these houses of corrections. Noninstitutional treatment of both adult and juvenile offenders is handled by the probation board offices, of which 28 currently exist. However, a bias against noninstitutional treatment is evident in the low proportion of probation sentences and the small number of parolees. Among the pressing needs of the system are better facilities and professionalization of correctional officers. No references are supplied.