New York has a large and complex court system which process more than two million cases each year. The system has two principal appellate courts, which include the court of appeals and four regional divisions of the supreme court that serve as intermediate appellate courts. Before 1978, the appellate divisions were also responsible for administering the 11 trial courts. Each of the trial courts has its own jurisdiction; the supreme court's jurisdiction is unlimited. A total of 3,500 judges serve throughout the unified court system. Since 1978 the unified court system has had a chief administrator of the courts appointed by the chief judge of the court of appeals. In addition, since 1976 the system's fiscal and personnel structure has been unified through legislative action. The first major reforms of the New York judicial system occurred at the 1846 constitutional convention. By the mid-1940's, the system had proven to be too rigid to adapt to the flood of litigation, particularly motor vehicle negligence cases, that poured into the courts after the war. The legislature and the courts responded to the growing crisis in the civil courts with a series of procedural devices designed to speed caseflow, including pretrial conferences, pretrial discovery, and use of special referees. These measures were inadequate, an additional reform measures were proposed in the mid-1950's by the Tweed Commission, chaired by attorney Harrison Tweed. Political interests quickly led to debate, revision, and rejection of many of these measures. Other reform attempts were made by the judicial conference in 1958, by the Constitutional Convention of 1967, and by the Dominick commission report. More recent efforts have been made by the Gordon Committee, by Court Reform Now, and by judicial initiatives. Appendixes summarizing amendments and policies are included.