Child abuse and neglect is defined, and the multiple factors contributing to parental abuse of children are identified, including temporary emotional reaction to stress, marital discord, financial hardship, and the abuse of parents during childhood. Special attention is given to the problems of sexual abuse and abused adolescents. State legislation to deal with child abuse and neglect is described, including statutes that require various categories of professionals to report suspected cases of child abuse. Federal action to aid in combatting child abuse and neglect is also described. Developments in treatment both for the abused child and abusing parents are described, including a discussion of the work of child protective services agencies through foster care, early childhood programs, parent education, and mental health services. Other programs considered are 24-hour telephone hotlines, a multidisciplinary model for treatment, hospital-based programs, foster grandparents, parents anonymous, the physician's role, school help, and volunteer programs. Steps for preventing child abuse and neglect are also briefly discussed. Sources for further information and help are provided.