The disposition of the children varies greatly among States, and may involve anything from a court-ordered termination of the mother's parental rights to a temporary and causal placement of the child in the home of a relative. The paper reviews the literature on attachment theory, then discusses the damage that may be done to young child by abrupt separation from its primary caretaker. It is suggested that for children under the age of 3 years, unless the mother has been abusive or grossly negligent in her child care, the best interests of the child may require that prisons provide nursery facilities so that infants can remain with their mothers for the period of incarceration or until the infants have outgrown the critical period for forming the attachment bond. The paper also contains a brief summary of the legal and psychological problems inherent in terminating parental rights upon incarceration and also in providing temporary care for these children in foster homes. A total of 25 footnotes are provided.