The theoretical concept derives from the assumption that criminality is not a quality in itself, but is rather defined by the dominant social order and evolves from external factors with a labeling effect. The discussion draws on role theory and interactionism and postulates the possible reintegration of stigmatized offenders back into society through the experience of being trusted in the performance of responsible social roles. Thus, trust becomes the main therapeutic instrument of open correctional institutions that aim for rehabilitation. As practiced in Saxerriet, the principal forms in which this trust is expressed are inmates' involvement in personal and peer group decisionmaking and commitment to agreed-upon performance standards. At the individual level, each inmate is responsible for his personal behavior. At the institutional level, an inmate council shares in broader decisionmaking, representing inmates' interests and carrying the responsibility of limited self-government. Evaluation of the system in Saxerriet indicates a reduction of recidivism among releasees. Tabular data, footnotes, and over 150 references are given.