The methodology was systematic observation of interactions and behaviors of both subject groups. The underlying assumption is that in a residential care setting where staff arrange the behavior of residents, the adventitious strengthening of inappropriate resident behaviors can take place with a concomitant reduction of appropriate behavior. The data resulting from the observation procedure were used as empirical evidence on which to base significant program changes, including specification of both inappropriate and appropriate behaviors by staff and residents, development of a comprehensive staff training program that emphasizes positive reinforcers and aversive consequences, and establishment of a token economy at the institution. Charts and 13 references are given.