The training programs for young judicial officials in the present form was founded in 1957. Initially, a practical training course determined by individual courts was the approach used. In 1974 an extensive program of special training courses was introduced and has continued to expand since then. Training is provided by the Study Center for the Administration of Justice under supervision of the justice ministry. The present training program consists of three 2-year periods: a phase at court, a phase in a prosecutor's office, and a final phase outside the courts. Attempts are made to balance uniform training with the demands of particular courts and of subunits of the judiciary. For the first 4 years, a trainee must take eight courses per year. Program goals are to provide knowledge of the law, technical skills, understanding of individuals seeking justice, and openness toward society in all its facets. To achieve these goals, both theoretical and practical courses are taught in social skills as well as judicial techniques. Appended charts show the organization of the judicial training program and outline the curriculum.