Review papers in mass spectrometry and chemical identification processes are presented, and the advantages of using stable isotopes in the qualification of drugs by GC-MS-COM systems are examined, as well as the current interest in negative ion mass spectrometry. Techniques of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance are discussed, including their possible future applications to the forensic sciences. The use of mass spectral computer systems in drug identification and some computer programs in Federal, State, and overseas facilities are also described. Many and varied applications of high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography as well as improvements and capabilities of the instruments used in these techniques are covered. Also discussed are derivatization techniques, detection systems, and a new approach to the optimization of chromatographic systems. Tables, figures, and references are supplied. For individual entries, see NCJ 90455-58. (Author summary modified)