The report begins by examining data on the nature and extent of crime among women in the most recent period for which data are available compared with past trends. A profile of the major characteristics of the female offender based on recent surveys is also provided. Based on these findings, the report identifies major factors of need affecting correctional programs for women as well as desirable program elements to meet the needs of women offenders for personal development and economic independence. Legal parameters for programs and services and legal challenges to the treatment of women offenders are identified and discussed, with a view toward legal and legislative actions and policy decisions necessary for making desirable programs and services universally available. Existing programs for vocational development, parenting, and independent living are examined in detail. The report concludes with policy analysis and recommendations. The research and program development recommendations support administrative and program changes as well as capital additions and physical plant changes which would ultimately be necessary throughout the criminal justice system to accommodate greater female participation in programs formerly reserved for men; the addition of special programs for women; and the strengthening of community program resources in conjunction with the jails, courts, prisons, and probation system. Tabular data are provided.