Until 1930, Spanish criminology was strongly influenced by moral philosophy and cultural science which opposed the concepts of positivist criminology. By royal decree, the School of Criminology was established at the University of Madrid in 1903. Its mission was predominantly instructional. Spanish criminology is now being institutionalized in schools of law, but it is not required for the law degree. Although long-range investigations are included in the assignments of degree candidates at the Institute of Criminology of Madrid, the dominant tendency in research approach is empirical-phenomenological, with attention directed primarily to drug trafficking, juvenile delinquency, and prostitution. To bring research into the criminological mainstream, the institute has emphasized investigations with theoretical perspectives that require empirical data drawn from the Spanish situation. Seventy-five notes and 36 bibliographic entries are provided.