The factors making libraries high risk targets are discussed. Results from two statewide victimization surveys are presented. The implications of these findings and the direct and indirect costs of crime are examined. The impact of crime appears to affect not only the institution but the staff and patron as well. Damage to buildings, materials, and equipment was common in Massachusetts libraries. Vandalism against staff and patron automobiles and assaults against persons in the libraries is a serious problem. Several appropriate, low-cost prevention programs are suggested. (Author abstract)