Intermediate treatment consists of a continuum of care between the conventional community provisions for youth and the removal of juveniles from the community. In England, intermediate treatment is used with juveniles under a formal court order and those deemed to be 'at risk.' A chart is provided to show how various types of intermediate treatment programs match up with juveniles' problems and needs related to socioeconomic conditions, personality deficiencies, and interaction with peers, as well as school, work, and delinquency patterns. Referrals for nonoffenders are discussed as they may come from social services, the child guidance clinic or probation service, and nonsocial work agencies such as schools or the youth service. Referrals of offenders are considered as they may come from the Juvenile Liaison Panel or in connection with a court appearance. Some of the treatment methods described include brokering services available in the community, establishing one-to-one relationships with adult volunteer workers, group work, and community service. Support structures described are the intermediate treatment development panel, an interdisciplinary group that develops and assigns programs for juveniles, and the Volunteers Association, which works under the supervision of the intermediate treatment officer in the management of various programs. The preventive work described consists of the provision of various clubs for youth designed to guide them in the constructive use of their leisure time. The programs for habitual offenders currently used in the Cheltenham area include community work projects and a battery of programs that tightly structure the juvenile's time.