Males and females had a similar prevalence of psychiatric and neurological impairment. More violent males were significantly more impaired than less violent males. More violent females tended to have greater impairment than less violent females. The paper questions the prevailing literature indicating greater psychopathology in female offenders than male offenders. It also explores sex and race bias in the assessment of the neuropsychiatric status of offenders. One table and 14 references are supplied. (Author abstract modified)