Because the HLW disposal issue involves major differences in the nature of the interactions between levels of government, on the one hand, and between government and the public, on the other hand, this study is divided into two primary areas -- public participation and intergovernmental relations. These areas are further divided into theoretical and practical considerations. The theoretical discussions generally present basic history and background, explain fundamental principles and problems, and suggest useful institutional mechanisms for dealing with the issue. The practical presentations include discussion of experiencs and case histories of issues similar to the HLW disposal issue as well as suggestions for avoiding some of the pitfalls evidenced in those past experiences. The historical review concludes that even if all activities which generate radioactive wastes were halted immediately, the existing inventories of HLW would continue to present a major disposal problem. Citizen participation in decisionmaking is considered crucial, and suggestions are offered for a participation program that includes a mix of procedures and provides for access to several agencies and levels of government. Compensation is suggested as a means of dealing with any inequities in the final decision. The assumption underlying the various proposals offered is that the consultation and concurrence process can serve as a mechanism for promoting cooperation over confrontation by involving State and local governments and the public in the decisionmaking process for selecting a nuclear waste repository site. A subject index is provided.