While technical devices such as convex mirrors or television cameras and guards can help a little, attentive employees who understand certain warning signs are the best means of reducing shortages. An inventory loss of 2 percent or more is not acceptable, and 1 percent or less should be the goal. Suggestions to reduce opportunities for customer pilferage include being curious about open shopping bags, briefcases, and similar items that could conceal stolen items; greeting customers personally; giving attentive service; keeping store fixtures and displays low; and keeping stock neat. Tips on preventing exployee theft address screening prospective employees, good management-employee relations, publicizing strong security controls, controlling exits, and a strict receipt system. The article also outlines physical security measures to prevent robbery, burglary, and short-change artists. It considers deliveries, locks and safes, key security, and accepting checks. Ways to eliminate poor bookkeeping are detailed, with attention to checking suppliers' invoices and packing lists, taking inventory, replacing illegible or torn price stickers, and checking all financial paperwork regularly for mistakes.