Under the JWA, the Youth Welfare Office (YWO) has the power to take both residential and nonresidential measures against troubled youth. Apart from counseling and informal education help, the most important nonresidential option is educational guidance. This involves the YWO appointing a social worker to the case, who will devise a program of education for the youth designed to supplement family and school education. Residential treatment involves placing the youth in large homes to undergo structured education programs, usually until the age of 18. The JCJA specifies that juveniles who have committed a criminal offense must be handled with a view toward resolving those problems that appear to underlie the deviant behavior. The juvenile prosecutor has a number of options in handling cases, many of which prevent further penetration into the juvenile justice system. Should the case proceed the juvenile court and there be a finding of guilt, the judge has the option to apply the following measures: (1) educational measures (directions, educational guidance, educational supervision), (2) quasi-punitive measures (reprimands, disciplinary orders, and youth custody), and (3) youth imprisonment. In cases where a sentence of imprisonment has been issued, the JCJA permits the judge to avoid the execution of the sentence by suspending it in favor of some specified treatment program. Only a small number of offenders are finally sent to close institutions. One figure is given.