It took several decades before abusive and neglecting parents were perceived as people who could be helped. Not until social casework came into existence were treatment and prevention viewed as appropriate responses for dealing with these difficult situations. During the 1960's, all 50 States passed laws relating to the reporting and treatment of child abuse. The legislation, the substantial increase in the funding of child abuse programs, and the public support of efforts to combat the problem of child abuse were the result of an intensive media campaign publicizing the incidence of child abuse and neglect and shocking case stories. A critical review of current programs indicates no appreciable volume of preventive activity. To attack the problems on a preventive level requires a new approach, one which deals with violent behavior patterns and provides services and supports which strengthen and stabilize family life. The chapter includes four references.