Research was conducted in Tokyo, Hokkaido, and other locations throughout Japan. The approach was that of participant observation and included numerous visits to police boxes and many interviews with police officers, public prosecutors, social scientists, legal scholars, judges, probation officers, and citizens. The koban police of Tokyo and the Hokkaido prefectural police are described. The investigation of crime is discussed, including the role of the public prosecutor and the use of informants by the police. Police involvement in family counseling, drug abuse, and crime prevention are described, and the relationship of the police to the community is analyzed. Factors contributing to a very low crime rate in Japan include the homogeneous makeup of Japanese society, a large network of formal and informal groups, a greater respect for legal and governmental institutions, strict gun control laws, and economic strict gun control laws, and economic considerations. Although Japan's system of crime control and policing are markedly different from America's, primarily because of vast cultural differences, the United States could adapt certain facets and characteristics of the Japanese system for use in this country. Recommendations include establishing a quasi-national police force; raising the intellectual, psychological, and physical standards of officers; setting up more local policing units; and enacting a strong Federal gun control law. Tables, figures, and photographs are included. A bibliography with 70 items and an index are also provided.