The text is divided into four major units. The first deals with the three ways to handle juvenile and adult offenders: the rehabilitative philosophy, the justice philosophy, and the utilitarian punishment philosophy. The role of correctional treatment is defined for each model. The second unit examines community-based and institutional programs in juvenile and adult corrections, and considers common elements in effective programs and ways correctional treatment can be improved. The third unit explores the job descriptions and treatment responsibilities of several treatment agents in juvenile and adult justice. The fourth unit examines correctional environments; it discusses what elements should be present to make those environments more compatible with treatment, outlines the constitutional rights inmates must have in these settings, considers why inmates succeed or fail, and explores how inmate characteristics affect receptivity to treatment. Projections about the future of correctional treatment and community-based corrections are presented; the author predicts increasing program limitations in correctional institutions. Recommendations for correctional treatment are provided. A 101-item bibliography is included.